![]() ![]() In the same year, the Lugo Family built an adobe house where the current county courthouse sits today. In 1839, the Lugo's colonization permit was granted for 18 leagues of land. Lugo's proposal was to colonize the San Bernardino area, listing 27 prospective settlers. Instead, the governor approved a settlement plan by Antonio Maria Lugo. Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado rejected the application. Ygnacio Palomares, applied for the right to graze cattle in the eastern San Bernardino Valley. In 1837, Antonia Pico and Andres Pico made an application for the land, but it was rejected. The Cajon Pass was used by many early explorers, settlers, and traders going to places further west.Īfter the Mission system was dismantled by the Mexican government in 1833, several prominent Southern Californians attempted to acquire Rancho San Bernardino. Kit Carson and a group of trappers went through the Cajon Pass in 1830. This route ran along the course of Crowder Canyon to its mouth at Cajon Canyon and down to the mouth of the canyon at Sycamore Grove. This route was known to the vaqueros of the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia who had come to the aid of Armijo's party with food. Their route entered the San Bernardino Valley by a route Armijo called "Cañon de San Bernardino" from the upper Mojave River west through Cajon Pass and down Crowder Canyon and then Cajon Canyon. ![]() The expedition of Antonio Armijo first established the trade of the Old Spanish Trail between Nuevo Mexico and Mission San Gabriel in Alta California in 1829–1830. Jedediah Strong Smith entered the valley with 15 trappers in late November 1826 on the way to Mission San Gabriel, crossing over the San Bernardino Mountains by the Mojave Trail route over Monument Peak. ![]() The site would later be known as "Old San Bernardino." Today, the site is historically known as the "San Bernardino Asistencia." The site was closed when Governor Figueroa closed down the mission system in 1834. The Mill Creek zanja, an irrigation ditch from Mill Creek to the site, was dug by local Indians for the Franciscans. A group of adobe buildings were constructed around 1830. In 1819, the San Gabriel Mission created an estancia, the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia, at an Indian rancheria called Guachama, the site of which is in modern-day Redlands, California, and Rancho San Bernardino. That year Politana, the first Spanish settlement in the San Bernardino Valley, was established as a mission chapel and supply station for travelers on the road into California from Sonora, by the Mission San Gabriel in a ranchería of the Guachama Indians that lived on the bluff that is now known as Bunker Hill. The traditional (since there is a dispute as to the following events) founding and naming of San Bernardino is that Padre Francisco Dumetz, a Franciscan priest, made a trip from the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel to the San Bernardino Valley on May 20, 1810, the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena during California's Mission Period. Missionary priest Father Francisco Garcés entered the valley in 1774, as did the de Anza Expedition, though not in present-day San Bernardino but further south. Spanish Military Commander of California Pedro Fages probably entered San Bernardino Valley in 1772. The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Wa'aach in their language. They lived in villages of ten to thirty structures that the Spanish named rancherías. At the time the Spanish first visited the valley, approximately 1500 Serranos inhabited the area. They lived in small brush covered structures. They have lived in the valley since approximately 1000 B.C. They were known as the "Yuhaviatam" or People of the Pines. San Bernardino's earliest known inhabitants were Serrano Indians (Spanish for "people of the mountains") who spent their winters in the valley, and their summers in the cooler mountains. San Bernardino, California, was named in 1810.
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